4. Project Loon

Concept: A reliable way to beam Internet service from the sky to places lacking it.

Availability: 1-2 years

Google has launched a pair of balloons, 15 meters across that resemble giant white pumpkins. Lofted by helium these balloons float over the Southern Hemisphere at an altitude of around 20 kilometers. Stuffed with solar powered electronics, they make a radio link to telecommunications network on the ground and beam down high speed cellular internet coverage to phones and laptops. Google says these balloons can deliver widespread economic and social benefits by bringing Internet access to the 60 percent of the world’s people who don’t have it. Mike Cassidy, Project Loon’s leader, wants to have enough balloons in the air to test nearly continuous service in several parts of the Southern Hemisphere. 

5. Liquid Biopsy

Concept: Simple blood tests to catch cancer before symtoms arise.

Availability: Launched

Liquid Biopsy detects liver, colon  and other cancers very early—even before symptoms arise—by sequencing the DNA in a few drops of a person’s blood. This is possible because dying cancer cells also shed DNA into a person’s blood. Cancers detected at an advanced stage remain untreatable. Eric Topol, a professor of genomics at the Scripps Research Institute, predicted this January that the technology, applied to cancer and other diseases, will become the “stethoscope for the next 200 years.” Doctors can pick a drug according to the specific DNA mutation driving a cancer forward. 

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