Rovers/Landers:

With even more capabilities over the years, NASA began to land on the surface. Today’s missions are not only landing in one place, but have shown that there can be mobility on the surface of Mars.

The scientific instruments involved in landers and rovers are remarkable and a new beginning in Martian expeditions. They include biology instrument, gas chromatograph, mass spectrometer, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, seismometer, meteorology instrument, stereo color cameras, physical and magnetic properties of soil, aerodynamic properties and composition of Martian atmosphere with changes in altitude.

NASA's Viking Project found a place in history when it became the first U.S. mission to land a spacecraft safely on the surface of Mars and return images of the surface as they descended to the surface. Two identical spacecraft, each consisting of a lander and an orbiter, were built.

Rovers were designed to conduct biological experiments to discover any sign of life, which resulted in finding unusual enigmatic chemical activity but no sign of life. NASA is ambitious to launch EXO Mars Rover-2018, and 2020 mission in the future.

Viking 1-2, Pathfinder, Polar Lander, Deep Space 2, Mars Exploration Rovers, Phoenix are few Rovers launched so far.

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